Every year on December 6th, Finland celebrates its Independence Day, commemorating the nation’s declaration of independence from Russia in 1917. This day marks a turning point in Finnish history, symbolizing the resilience and determination of a people who have fought to preserve their culture and autonomy.
A Brief History of Independence
Finland’s road to independence was deeply tied to its geopolitical history. For centuries, it was under Swedish rule before becoming a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire in 1809. By the late 19th century, Finland began experiencing increased Russification policies, which threatened its cultural and political autonomy. The chaos of World War I and the Russian Revolution in 1917 provided Finland the opportunity to declare its independence, which was officially recognized later that year.
How Finns Celebrate Independence Day
Independence Day in Finland is a solemn yet celebratory occasion. Here are some of the traditions and practices associated with the day:
- Lighting Blue and White Candles: A hallmark of Finnish Independence Day is the tradition of lighting blue and white candles — the colors of the Finnish flag. These are placed in windows as a sign of remembrance for those who fought for the country’s freedom.
- Visiting Cemeteries: Many Finns honor the day by visiting cemeteries to pay respects to soldiers who sacrificed their lives during the Finnish Civil War and World War II. The Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki is particularly significant, hosting the tomb of Finland’s wartime leader, Marshal C.G.E. Mannerheim.
- Military Parades and Wreath Laying: Military parades, organized by the Finnish Defense Forces, are a prominent feature of the day. Representatives of the Finnish Army lay memorial wreaths, and speeches by national leaders commemorate the sacrifices made for independence.
- The Unknown Soldier Film: Watching “Tuntematon Sotilas” (The Unknown Soldier), based on Väinö Linna’s classic novel, is a cherished tradition. The movie poignantly portrays the struggles of Finnish soldiers during wartime and has become a staple of Independence Day observances since its first adaptation in 1955.
- The Presidential Reception (Linnan Juhlat): A formal gala hosted at the Presidential Palace, this event features around 2,000 notable guests, including politicians, diplomats, and cultural icons. It is broadcast nationwide and symbolizes national unity and pride.
The Significance for Finns Today
For many Finns, Independence Day is a time of reflection and gratitude. It’s a moment to honor the past while appreciating the freedoms and stability Finland enjoys today. This day fosters a deep sense of national identity and pride, bringing families together to celebrate quietly and meaningfully.
From lighting candles in remembrance to embracing modern celebrations like fireworks, Finnish Independence Day is a blend of reflection and festivity, deeply rooted in the nation’s history.
References
- Scandification: Exploring Finnish Independence Day Traditions
- Selitys.fi: Why Independence Day is Celebrated in Finland
- Finland.fi: Official Finnish Independence Day Overview
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